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高中英语语法总结必考知识点
总结是对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况进行分析研究的书面材料,他能够提升我们的书面表达能力,不如我们来制定一份总结吧。总结怎么写才是正确的呢?下面是小编为大家整理的高中英语语法总结必考知识点,希望能够帮助到大家。
高中英语语法总结必考知识点1
一、基数词
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。
1、基数词的构成:
1—10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten;
11—19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen;
20—90 twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety;
≥ 100
100 a/one hundred;
1,000 a/one thousand;
1,000,000 a/one million;
1,000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million
2、基数词的用法
1)作主语:
Three will be enough for us。
三个对我们来说就足够了。
Two of the girls are from Tokyo。
这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。
2)作宾语:
Four people applied for this job,but we only need one。
四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。
3)作表语:
The population of China is over 1.3 billion。
中国有十三亿多人口。
I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen。
我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。
4)作定语:
We have 300 workers in our company。
我们公司有三百名员工。
Forty students were involved in the interview。四十名学生参加了这次采访。
5)作同位语:
You two clean these seats。
你们两个打扫这些位子。
Have you got tickets for us three?
有我们三个人的票吗?
二、序数词
表示顺序或等级。
1、序数词的构成:
1—10:first 1st;second 2nd;third 3rd;fourth 4th;fifth 5th;sixth 6th;seventh 7th;eighth 8th;ninth 9th;tenth 10th;
11—19:eleventh 11th;twelfth 12th;thirteenth 13th;fourteenth 14th;fifteenth 15th;sixteenth 16th;seventeenth 17th;eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;
20—90:twentieth 20th;thirtieth 30th;fortieth 40th;fiftieth 50th;sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th;eightieth 80th;ninetieth 90th;
≥100:
100 hundredth;
1,000 thousandth;
1,000,000 millionth;
1,000,000,000 billionth
2、序数词的用法
1)作主语:
The second is what I really need。
第二个是我真正需要的。
The first bottle has been full but the second is empty。
第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。
2)作宾语:
I got a third in biology。
我生物得到了第三名。
Do you prefer the first or the second?
第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?
3)作表语:
I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you
我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。
Columbus was the first who discovered America。
哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。
4)作定语:
I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it。
我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。
Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there。
在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。
5)作状语:
He came second in the race。
他在赛跑中得了第二名。
It was a snowy day when we first met。
我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。
3、序数词前冠词的使用
1)明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。
This is the second time that I have been in London。
这是我第二次来伦敦。
Alva is the fifth child of the Whites。
阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。
2)表示“又一、再一”,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。
You have bought four toys today。 Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?
I failed again,but I will try a third time。
我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。
3)序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。
My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents。
我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。
Mrs。 Black’s second child is a genius。
布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。
4)序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的.一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。
This MPV car is a second—hand one。
这辆商务车是二手的。
Habit is second nature。
习惯是第二天性。
5)序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。
First I am short of money;second I haven’t enough time。
首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。
6)序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every后,其前不用冠词。
every second day每隔一天
every fifth day每隔四天
every second line每隔一行
7)某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。
first of all首先
at first起初
at first sight乍一看,第一
三、数词的用法
1、分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。
(分子是1以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。)
1)真分数通常用英语单词表达。
one—fourth四分之一
two—fifths五分之二
a quarter四分之一
2)分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用over/by/out of/in连接。
Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test。
二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。
3)带分数:“整数+ and +分数部分”。
Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend。
周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。
2、小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。
0.786432 120,372.428
注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。
15.503读作fifteen point five zero three
0.05读作zero point zero five
3、百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接percent或百分号(%),在专业统计或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。
I have invested 40 percent of my income。
我把40%的收入用作投资了。
Farmers’ income has increased by 30%。
农民的收入已经增加了30%。
4、倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍用twice/double,三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。
1)“倍数+ as many/much … as …”
My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I。
我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。
This computer costs three times as much as that one。
这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。
2)“倍数+ the size of …”
用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(宽度),age(年龄),length(长度)等。
Our playground is five times the size of theirs。
我们的操场是他们的五倍大。
This street is twice/double the width of that one。
这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。
3)“倍数+ what从句”
The value of the house is double what it was。
这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。
People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago。
人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。
4)“倍数+比较级+ than”
The room is twice larger than ours。
这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。
This ball seats three times more people than that one。
这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。
5)“比较级+ than … + by +倍数/程度”
The line is longer than that one by twice。
这根线是那根线的两倍长。
The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times。
中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。
5、四则运算:
1)加法:在口语中,小数目的加法常用and表示“+”,is或are代表“=”。
在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is代表“=”。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven。
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty—five。
2)减法:在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away +减数+ from +被减数+ and you get +余数”
“减数+ from +被减数+ leaves/is +余数”
在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus代表“—”,equals代表“=”。
12—5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven。 /Take away five from twelve and you get seven。
21—7=14 Twenty—one minus seven equals fourteen。
3)乘法:在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are代表“=”。
大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes代表“=”。
在正式的场合下用multiplied by代表“×”,equals代表“=”。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty—six times two hundred and thirty—eight is/makes seventy—seven thousand five hundred and eighty—eight。
Three hundred and twenty—six multiplied by two hundred and thirty—eight equals seventy—seven thousand five hundred and eighty—eight。
4)除法:小数目的除法:用divided by代表“÷”,equals代表“=”。
“被除数+ divided by +除数+ equals +商”;“除数+ into +被除数+ goes +商”
32÷4=8 Thirty—two divided by four equals eight。
Four into thirty—two goes eight。
大数目的除法:用divided by代表“÷”,equals代表“=”。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty—seven。
6、比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况),但在非专业性的文字中,也可用英语单词的形式。
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4。
七比四写作7:4或7/4。
You have a fifty to fifty chance of success。
你成功的机会只有一半。
7、编号:用基数词时名词+基数词World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…
用序数词时the +序数词+名词the First World War
8、年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词in the 90s;表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词in one’s twenties
9、约数:
1)表示“大约”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。
The man in rags is about/some sixty years old。
The man in rags is sixty years old or so。
那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。
Peter is something like thirty。
皮特大约有三十岁。
2)“多于、超过”用more/than/over/above;“少于、不超过”用less than。
She was more than/less than forty when she got married。
她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。
3)其他
半天(小时)half a day=a half day;half an hour=a half hour
一个半a day and a half=one and a half days
两天半two days and a half=two and a half days
一两天……one or two days=a day or two
两三天/周/个苹果a couple of days/weeks/apples…
三番五次again and again;repeatedly;time and(time)again;over and over again;time after time
三年五载from three to five years;in a few years
三三两两in twos and threes;in knots
高中英语语法总结必考知识点2
1、as句型
(1)as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……”
例:As(it is)in your country,we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south。
正如(像)你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。
(2)as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as;
否定式:not as/so ——— as
例:He is as good a player as his sister。
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3)such + n。 + as to do如此……以致于……
例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said。
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4)so + adj。/adv。 + as to do sth如此……以致于……
例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box。
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5)such......as......象……之类的……(接名词或定语从句)
例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was。
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6)the same +名词+as和……一样的……(接名词或定语从句)
例:He is not the same man as he used to be。
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7)as引导非限制性定语从句
例:As is known to us,knowledge is power。
众所周知,知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近
例:We get wiser as we get older。
随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9)引导原因状语从句,与because的用法相近
例:As it was getting very late,we soon turned back。
因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。
(10)引导让步状语从句
例:Child as he is,he knows much about science。
尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。
2、prefer句型
(1)prefer to do sth
例:I prefer to stay at home。
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2)prefer doing sth
例:I prefer playing in defence。
我喜欢打防守。
(3)prefer sb to do sth
例:Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4)prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
宁愿…......而不愿......
例句:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out。
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。
(5)prefer doing sth to doing sth
例:I prefer watching football to playing it。
我喜欢看篮球,不喜欢打篮球。
(6)prefer sth to sth
例:I prefer tea to coffee。
我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when句型
(1)be doing sth......when......
例:He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in。
他正笑着的时候门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
(2)be about to do sth ...... when ......
例:We were about to start when it began to rain。
我们刚要出发,天就开始下雨了。
(3)had just done ...... when ......
例:I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang。
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝,电话铃就响了。
4、seem句型
(1)It +seems + that从句
例:It seemed that everyone was satisfied。
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2)It seems to sb that ......
例:It seems to me that she is right。
我看她是对的,(3)There seems to be ......
例:There seems to be a heavy rain。
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4)It seems as if ......
例:It seemed that she couldn't come to class。
看样子她不能来上课了。
5、表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型
(1)She is taller than I by three inches。
她比我高三英寸
(2)There is one year between us。
我们之间相差一岁。
(3)She is three years old than I。
她比我大三岁。
(4)They have increased the price by 50%。
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5)His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month。
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6、what引导的名词性从句
(1)what引导主语从句
例:What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her。
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj。不关心的;冷漠的]
(2)what引导宾语从句
例:We can learn what we do not know。
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3)what引导表语从句
例:That is what I want。
那正是我所要的。
(4)what引导同位语从句
例:I have no idea what they are talking about。
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7、too句型
(1)too ...... to do ......
例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians。(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians。)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。
(2)only too ...... to do ......
例:I shall be only too pleased to get home。
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3)too + adj + for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me。
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4)too + adj + a + n。
例:This is too difficult a text for me。
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5)can't … too +形容词无论……也不为过
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much。
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8、where句型
(1)where引导的定语从句
例:This is the house where he lived last year。
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2)where引导的状语从句
例:Where there is a will,there is a way。
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find。
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go。
我要去我想去的地方。
(3)where引导的表语从句
例:This is where you are wrong。
这正是你错的'地方。
9、wish句型
(1)wish that sb did sth希望某人现在做某事
例:I wish I were as strong as you。
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2)wish that sb had done sth希望某人过去做某事
例:I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3)wish that sb would/could do sth希望某人将来做某事
例:I wish you would succeed this time。
我希望你这次会成功。
11、 before句型
(1)would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做……而不愿做……
例:She would rather die than turn against his motherland。
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2)would rather have done sth宁愿过去做过某事
例:I would rather have taken his advice。
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3)would rather sb had done sth宁愿某人过去做过某事
例:I would rather I had passed the examination last week。
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4)would rather sb did sth宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例:Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
(1)before sb can/ could …某人还没来得及……
例:Before I could get in a word,he had measured me。
我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2)It will be +时间+ before +还有多长时间……
例:It will be 4 years before he graduates。
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3)had done some time before(才……)
例:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land。
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4)had not done ...... before ......不到……就……
例:We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired。
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5)It was not +一段时间+ before不多久就……
例:It wasn’t two years before he left the country。
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
13、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1)It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)......
例:It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday。
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2)Is/was it +被强调部分+ that(who)......
例:Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3)Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词+ is/was it that ......
例:How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4)do/does/did +谓语动词(强调谓语)
例:They do know the place well。
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth。
例:I would like to have written to you。
我本想给你写信的。
(2)was / were going to do sth。(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match。
Lucy原打算看一场篮球比赛。
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